肝血管瘤的科普

田佩凯医生 发布于2019-04-22 23:50 阅读量7258

本文由田佩凯原创

经常有患者拿着一张彩超报告,忧心忡忡的来到门诊,进门就说:“医生,我的肿瘤了,怎么办?”,一看报告:肝血管瘤。

今天,我们就来讲讲关于肝血管瘤的问题。

什么是肝血管瘤?

肝血管瘤是最为常见的肝脏良性肿瘤,又称为海绵状血管瘤。单发多见,40%患者表现为多发[1, 2]。大小不一,多数瘤体<5cm,大于5cm者被称为巨大血管瘤[3, 4]。肝血管瘤的估计患病率为0.4%-20%[1, 5-7]。60%-80%是在30-50岁的时候因其他检查意外诊断出来。好发于女性,男女之比为1:3[7, 8];有症状的血管瘤更可能见于年轻女性[4]。

肝血管瘤的病因?

尚不完全清楚,它们被认为是由于扩张(而非增生或肥大)而扩大的先天性血管畸形或错构瘤。肿瘤生长受激素影响[9-12],妊娠及雌激素和黄体酮治疗期间,瘤体会增大。但激素并非血管瘤生长的唯一原因。

得了肝血管瘤会有什么表现呢? 

如上所述,血管瘤常常是体检或其他检查时候意外发现的,说明血管瘤没有什么特殊的临床症状,最常见的症状是腹痛和右上腹不适或满胀感。然而,血管瘤与症状的关系并不总是很明确,症状可能与肿瘤挤压、压迫脏器有关。儿童巨大血管瘤可能因大量血液不参与循环而引起高输出量性心力衰竭和甲状腺功能减退症[13-15]及血管瘤-血小板减少性紫癜综合征[16]。肝功能检查通常不受影响。

肝血管瘤会不会破裂?

有可能,但自发性破裂极为罕见[6, 8, 17]。腹部钝挫伤后海绵状血管瘤创伤性破裂也很罕见,这与肝脏基础病变有关[18]。

肝血管瘤怎么诊断?

一般彩超可确诊大部分,如尚有疑问的,结合超声造影、CT增强、MR等检查可明确。特别强调:对有肝病病史或已知或疑似肝外恶性肿瘤的所有患者,都应该进行确诊性检查(CT、MR等),并加强监测。

肝血管瘤怎么处理?

处理方式包括哪些?

 

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